Multimedia in computer graphics

The word multimedia is made up of two separate words, multiple meaning many, and means meaning ways through which information can be transmitted. Therefore, multimedia can be described as an integration of multiple multimedia elements together to influence the given information so that it can be presented in an attractive and interactive way. In simple words, multimedia means being able to communicate in more than one way. Traditionally, information was presented in a single medium, be it newspaper, radio or television. With the development of computers, the presentation of data has taken on a whole new meaning. Multimedia is a computerized method of presenting information combining audio, video, graphics, text, and / or animation components. For example, a multimedia database of musical instruments can allow the user to not only search for and retrieve text about a particular instrument, but also view its images and play a piece of music. The advent of high-resolution displays and sound and video playback facilities for computers has resulted in increased use of multimedia applications.

A typical multimedia application is characterized by some characteristics that are the following:

· Uses of digital technology.

· Requires user interaction

· Integrate sound, images, text and data in integrated applications.

As we know, multimedia is primarily concerned with the computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still or moving images (video), animation, and audio where each type of information can be digitally represented, stored, transmitted, and processed. The various elements that together constitute multimedia are the following:

Text

On-screen display of words, that is, text, is the foundation of most applications. Humanity developed texts and symbols to be able to communicate. Writing helped humans remember things for a much longer period than is possible with the help of memory (brain). Words and symbols in any form, spoken or written, are the most common means of communication. These days not only is the text capable of displaying information, but it has also gained interactivity; things like an electronic annotation, which help you navigate through all the information presented on the Web using hypertext. A hypertext can be defined as an object in text that allows the user to jump from one web page to another with a click of the mouse button. It acts as electronic footnotes and helps navigate all the information. Files can contain plain text or formatted text. For example, hypertext markup language (HTML), a program language font (C, Pascal), or rich text format (RTF), a file format for text files that includes formats such as different font styles and types letter, etc. Basic text storage is 1 byte per character (text character or format). For other forms of data, such as spreadsheet files, some may store the format as text (formatted), others may use binary encoding. Text can be written using various word processing and editing tools, such as word processing software such as Microsoft Word and Word Perfect, where the text file can be developed and then imported into multimedia authoring tools to integrate with other multimedia elements.

Graphics

It is a generic term used to describe the graphical representation of the data. When it comes to graphics, we generally tend to refer to pictorial representations created by primitive objects, such as lines, polygons, circles, curves, and arcs. For example, a cube image can be drawn with lines and a pie chart with lines and arcs. Images are still images that are rendered as a bitmap (a pixel grid), but graphics are often editable or reviewable (unlike images). In general, graphics input devices include keyboard, mouse, trackball, or light pens. An image is said to be worth a thousand words, so adding a graphic element to a text-based document can change the user’s perception of the document. The integration of the graphic element in the application makes it more elegant and understandable. Growing technology has produced a large number of graphics and visual images for a multimedia project. For the development of the multimedia project, several images are captured from different sources, such as scanners, digital cameras and through the Internet. Once the images are transformed into digitized form, they can be edited and modified using the image editing software, namely Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw and Freehand.

Audio

It means the sensation resulting from the stimulation of the auditory mechanism by air waves or vibrations. It is the vibration of air molecules in the atmosphere that can be detected by the ear. It involves the transmission of mechanical vibrations by an elastic means that is capable of being detected by the human ear. Computers and digital technology have changed the face of the music industry. Today, digital music is used to produce special effects for televisions, movies, recording studios, and games. Music and sound effects not only add interactivity with the user, but also play with the user’s perception and emotions. Audio can also be used to provide a sense of place or mood just like it’s done perfectly in-game. Music is probably the most obvious form of sound. It can be used to create an environment, convey an idea, and even tell a story. Speech is also a perfect way to teach users how to pronounce words just like speech learning software does. Voiceless sound effects can be used in the user interface to inform users of background events. For example, the sound of a file downloading progress could be signaled by the sound of water being poured into a gradually filling glass. These types of background sounds should not be intrusive. Furthermore, sounds can be integrated into a web page and played.

Video

It refers to the moving image accompanied by sound, like a movie on television. It is a medium that is as direct as print and captures more attention. Add richness to content and improve user experience. Dramatize and impact the multimedia application. The integration of the video element in a multimedia application provides a large amount of information in a short time. If used in a planned and well-executed way, it can make dramatic differences in the multimedia presentation. Digital video is useful in multimedia applications to show real-life objects, such as people talking or illustrations of real-life concepts. Video places the highest performance demand on computer memory and bandwidth if placed on the Internet. In terms of computers and the Internet, the main problems with most videos are that their production quality is too low and they have a very large file size. For video to be usable, video files must be compressed into different file formats.

Animation

It is the process of sequencing still images in rapid succession to give the effect of live motion. The sequence of images is displayed one after another very quickly so that the human eye and brain mix the images together to produce the effect of movement. It is a powerful tool capable of communicating complex ideas. It is often much easier to show someone how things work than to try to explain it. Animation is viable due to a natural phenomenon known as persistence of vision. An object seen by the human eye remains mapped to the retina of the eye for a short time after viewing. This makes it possible for a series of images that change very slightly and very quickly, one after the other, to seemingly merge into a visual illusion of movement. In other words, if you only slightly change the location or shape of an object quickly enough, the eye will perceive the changes as movement. An animated sequence has to show a certain number of frames per second. For professional animation, one must have at least 30 frames per second.

In today’s challenging world, if the ideas in the presentation are not expressed effectively, then the presentation is a failure. One way to express imaginative ideas is through the use of graphics. Charts can be presented in several ways, which are described below:

· Background: Sets the tone and theme of the presentation. It should be based on the type of information to be transmitted. For example, if the information is more text oriented, then simple background images should be used. In case the information is passed on to young children, the background should be more lively and colorful.

· Two-dimensional (2D) graphics: Usually, when one looks at a computer screen, then he / she is in a two-dimensional image. The image stretches from left to right and top to bottom, but generally not on and off the computer screen. A 2D image definition contains only information about how a scene appears from a particular point.

· Three-dimensional graphics (3D): a 3D image contains information about the scene in three dimensions (x, y and z coordinates). However, this 3D data cannot be viewed directly. To see it, the computer must first convert the 3D data into a 2D image using a process known as rendering. The rendering process takes the 3D scene and the location and attributes of a camera as input, and outputs the 2D image that the camera sees from that particular point in space. The process is done by mathematically projecting a 3D scene onto a 2D surface. In photography, this is done with the camera lens, but in computer graphics, this is done by solving mathematical equations. In both cases, the result is a 2D image generated from a 3D scene.

Charts and Charts: In multimedia business and training related projects, charts and graphs are the most appropriate forms of charts used to present information related to facts and figures.

· Flow diagrams: the use of flow diagrams expresses the systematic order of an event. They are primarily developed to break complex problem solving steps down into smaller, less complicated steps to make logic development easier. They are also used to represent 2D graphics.

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